http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YHKj2lg5XPQ
Tobacco (ah-say-ma) and Pipes (o-pwa'-gun) Used for medicine, hospitality, diplomacy and religion, tobacco is highly regarded as the most sacred plant in Indian Country. Since ancient times, Indians have used tobacco to show reverence for the Great Creator, and respect for each other. Tobacco is used in daily offerings such as sprinkling tobacco to ask the Great Creator for strength or a safe journey to or from home. In earlier times, both Ojibwe men and women smoked pipes filled with kinnikinnik — the inner bark of the dogwood plant. Both men and women smoked pipes made of blackstone, but the women's pipes were smaller. The men also made pipes with sandstone and cut designs into the stone, which were then inlayed with other materials. They often decorated pipe stems with eagle feathers, quills, hair, and beadwork. When numerous tribes dominated North America, carrying a ceremonial pipe signified peaceful intent. White explorers carried these pipes in case of chance meetings with Indians because treaties with non-Indians are sealed by smoking a ceremonial pipe. The term "peace pipe" came from the idea that smoking the pipe during the signing of a peace treaty signified peace and friendship. Large and intricately decorated, the ceremonial pipes were stored in beautiful bags which are still embroidered with beads and quills usually by Ojibwe women. It is an honor to be selected to have a peace pipe, a tradition that continues today. In modern times, the term "peace pipe" has a much broader definition that refers to many different kinds of pipes. One type of pipe is used in Indian religious ceremonies to commemorate or bless an event, such as the swearing in of an elected official, naming ceremonies for children, and groundbreaking for new buildings and facilities. Indians believe that the rising smoke carries messages to the Great Creator. Tobacco's Ceremonial History The use of tobacco today, for smoking as well as other uses, is a global phenomenon. Tobacco, however, is a plant which originated in the Americas and which was first used in a variety of ways by American Indians. The history of tobacco is partially a history of American Indians. Smoking and Tobacco in Indian Country Condensed from the September 1997 American Indian Report Felicia Hodge, director of the American Indian Cancer Control Project, is in the process of educating American Indians about the health hazards of smoking. The following are some of her findings. Commercial tobacco use among American Indians varies from region to region, but according to the Centers for Disease Control, on the average, American Indians and Alaska Natives smoke more than any other ethnic group in the United States. There is an explanation for this. In many tribal cultures, the tobacco plant has a sacred use: its smoke carries prayers to the Creator. But health care professionals are afraid that the traditional use of tobacco and the commercial use of tobacco have become one in the minds of many American Indians, making it harder for them to consider smoking a hazard. Traditionally, the use of ceremonial tobacco has been reserved for special social gatherings or prayer ceremonies. Species of this tobacco vary from one tribe to another. Some tribes never use tobacco at all or they mix it with other plants to modify its harshness. Other tribes burn tobacco instead of smoking it. Over time, commercial tobacco has become a ready substitute for the traditional varieties. Seeing the dangers of this, Elders across Indian Country have begun teaching American Indian youth about sacred tobacco use and discouraging the abuse of commercial tobacco. | ||
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Hand: A singular instrument worn at the end of the human arm and commonly thrust into somebody's pocket.
all of his numbers continue to improve. He also said ...
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